Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Suk Jin Choi

22 Articles

WHO Classification of Malignant Lymphomas in Korea: Report of the Third Nationwide Study.: Jin Man Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Seung Sook Lee, Jooryung Huh, Chang Suk Kang, Chul Woo Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Jai Hyang Go, Min Kyung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Jong Hee Nam, Hyung Bae Moon, Chan Kum Park, Tae In Park, Young Ha Oh, Dong Wha Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Juhie Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Sung Chul Lim, Kyu Yun Jang, Hee Kyung Chang, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hye Ra Jung, Min Sun Cho, Hee Jeong Cha, Suk Jin Choi, Jae Ho Han, Sook Hee Hong, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):254-260.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.254

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BACKGROUND
The aim of study was to determine the relative frequency of malignant lymphoma according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification in Korea.
METHODS
A total of 3,998 cases diagnosed at 31 institutes between 2005 and 2006 were enrolled. Information including age, gender, pathologic diagnosis, site of involvement and immunophenotypes were obtained.
RESULTS
The relative frequency of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was 95.4% and 4.6%, respectively. B-cell lymphomas accounted for 77.6% of all NHL, while T/natural killer (T/NK)-cell lymphomas accounted for 22.4%. The most frequent subtypes of NHL were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (42.7%), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (19.0%), NK/T-cell lymphoma (6.3%) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), unspecified (6.3%), in decreasing order. The relative frequency of HL was nodular sclerosis (47.4%), mixed cellularity (30.6%), and nodular lymphocyte predominant (12.1%) subtypes. Compared with a previous study in 1998, increase in gastric MZBCL and nodular sclerosis HL, and slight decrease of follicular lymphoma, PTCL, and NK/T-cell lymphoma were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Korea had lower rates of HL and follicular lymphoma, and higher rates of extranodal NHL, extranodal MZBCL, and NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type compared with Western countries. Changes in the relative frequency of lymphoma subtypes are likely ascribed to refined diagnostic criteria and a change in national health care policy.

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Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Angiosarcoma: Report of Two Cases.: Jin Xian Ji, Young Chae Chu, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Kyu Ho Kim, Ju Young Song; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):217-222.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.217

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Abstract PDF

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular neoplasm which can arise in any part of the body. Specific recognition of this neoplasm in cytological specimens is difficult in the absence of an ancillary method. Herein, we present the cytologic findings of two cases of angiosarcomas diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. One case is a recurred angiosarcoma in the left chest wall and the other case is a lymphedema-associated angiosarcoma in the left lower leg. The cytologic findings of both cases are similar. Cytologic features that identified this neoplasm as an angiosarcoma included arborizing microtissue fragments, irregular anastomosing vascular spaces lined by atypical cells, microacini, intracytoplasmic lumen, and intracellular red blood cells, marked cell discohesiveness, spindle to ovoid, irregular, hyperchromatic nuclei, and elongated cytoplasmic processes with indistinct borders. This report emphasizes that when aspiration smears show vasoformative features in a bloody background, angiosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.

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Four newly reported ophichthid leptocephali species revealed by mitochondrial 12S rDNA, with implications of their occurrence in Korea
Hwan Sung Ji, Hae Won Lee, Byung Kyu Hong, Jin Koo Kim
Animal Cells and Systems.2012; 16(5): 415. CrossRef

Cytologic Features of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Urine: Comparison with Urothelial Carcinoma.: Lucia Kim, Joo Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):79-86.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.79

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PACa) cells are rarely identified in urine cytology specimens and might be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed as urothelial neoplasm when clinically unsuspected.
METHODS
We reviewed 19 urine cytology specimens obtained from 13 patients with PACa and evaluated the characteristic features discriminating PACa from urothelial carcinoma (UCa). For comparison, 27 cases of high-grade UCa (HGUCa) and 10 cases of urothelial carcinoma in situ (UCis) were also evaluated.
RESULTS
The urine cytologic evaluation of PACa revealed clustered cells forming 3-dimensional syncytial fragments with occasional microacinar grouping in a clean background. Most tumor cells were small and uniform with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were round-to-oval and the cytoplasm was scanty and thin. One or more centrally-located prominent nucleoli were characteristically noted in one half of the cases. The nucleoli had a well-defined, large, round and eosinophilic appearance. In four high-grade cases, large tumor cells were encountered and had relatively monotonous cells with smooth-outlined cell clusters, well-defined and thin cytoplasm, and round nuclei with characteristic prominent nucleoli.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining the information of prostate cancer and the recognition of cytomorphologic features of PACa will help differentiate PACa from HGUCa and UCis.

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The diagnostic challenge of suspicious or positive malignant urine cytology findings when cystoscopy findings are normal: an outpatient blue-light flexible cystoscopy may solve the problem
Marie Andersson, Marthe Berger, Karsten Zieger, Per-Uno Malmström, Mats Bläckberg
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Analytical Chemistry.2016; 88(19): 9564. CrossRef

Aspiration Cytology of Cervical Thymoma: A Case Report.: Xian Ji Jin, Ju Young Song, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):444-447.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.444

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Abstract PDF

An ectopic cervical thymoma is an uncommon tumor of the neck displaying the same histologic features as a mediastinal thymoma. Because of its unusual location, this mass is often confused as originating from the thyroid. In this report we describe a case of cervical type AB thymoma. Aspiration cytologic smears were highly cellular and revealed irregular tissue fragments, cohesive sheets, and clusters of crowded epithelial cells intermingled with many small lymphocytes. The epithelial cells had oval and spindle shaped bland-looking nuclei and scant cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders. Mitosis, nuclear atypia, and necrosis were not observed. The cells were focally arranged in a nesting pattern. Many small lymphocytes, a few activated lymphocytes, and lymphoid tangles were seen in the background. A cytologic misdiagnosis of "possible carcinoma" was rendered. Therefore, ectopic thymoma should also be considered in fine needle aspiration cytology of a neck mass when the smear shows epithelial and lymphoid components.

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Aspiration cytology of an ectopic cervical thymoma misinterpreted as a lymphoproliferative lesion of the thyroid: A case report
YI-YING LEE, WEN-CHING WANG, CHIEN-FENG LI
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(3): 1255. CrossRef

Korean Pediatric/Adolescent Lymphoma: Incidence and Pathologic Characteristics.: Seung Sook Lee, Jin Man Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Jooryung Huh, Chang Suk Kang, Chul Woo Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Jai Hyang Go, Min Kyung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Jong Hee Nam, Hyung Bae Moon, Chan Kum Park, Tae In Park, Young Ha Oh, Dong Wha Lee, Jong Sil Lee, Juhie Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Sung Chul Lim, Kyu Yun Jang, Hee Kyung Chang, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hye Ra Jung, Min Sun Cho, Hee Jeong Cha, Suk Jin Choi, Jae Ho Han, Sook Hee Hong, Insun Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):117-124.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.117

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The Hematopathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists conducted a nation-wide retrospective analysis of Korean pediatric lymphoma, to provide pathologic data on pediatric/adolescent lymphoma subtypes and features.
METHODS
All lymphoma cases of all age groups were collected during a recent 2 year-period (2005-2006) from 32 institutes in Korea. Among 3,686 lymphoma patients, 142 who were age 18 or less were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
RESULTS
Among 142 pediatric/adolescent lymphoma patients, Hodgkin lymphoma accounted for 21 (14.8%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) for 121 (85.2%). Hodgkin lymphoma appears to be more common in the pediatric/adolescent age group than in the all-ages group (14.8% vs 4.4%). T- and natural killer cell-NHL was more common in the pediatric/adolescent age group than in the all ages group (46.3% vs 22%). The majority of Korean pediatric/adolescent NHL cases was composed of Burkitt lymphoma, T- or B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. For lymphoma patients under the age of 6 years, most had B-lymphoblastic or Burkitt lymphoma, which commonly presented at extranodal sites.
CONCLUSIONS
The distribution of lymphoma subtypes in the pediatric/adolescent age group is quite different from the distribution of adults, but it was quite similar to distribution in Western countries.

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A Case of Nasal Type Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma Incidentally Detected in a Child
Ha Jin Oh, Sang Hyun Park, Hae In Jang, Dong Hoon Lee, Yoo Duk Choi, Hee Jo Baek, Hoon Kook
Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology.2015; 22(1): 76. CrossRef

Cytology of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma on Intraoperative Touch Imprint Smears: A Case Report.: Ju Young Song, Xian Ji Jin, Jee Young Han, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Suk Jin Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):589-593.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.589

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Abstract PDF

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is a neoplastic proliferation of FDCs. Because its cytologic findings can vary widely, both the cytomorphology and histopathology of FDC sarcoma can impose a significant diagnostic dilemma. We present cytologic features of FDC sarcoma assessed by intraoperative touch imprint. Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathies were noted in 54-year-old male with hepatitis B-virus associated liver cirrhosis. In contrast to cytologic features of classical FDC sarcoma, the tumor cells featured a large epithelioid or Reed-Sternberg cell-like shape scattered in a background with abundant inflammatory cells, which led to a mistaken diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. However, in accordance with cytologic features previously described in the literature, the tumor cells were characterized by a fragile cytoplasm with cytoplasmic processes in dendritic or reticulated patterns reminiscent of the ultrastructural features of FDC. Cytoplasmic features rendering nuclei with a tendency to form clusters or syncytial aggregates associated with reactive lymphocytes appear to be the most valuable finding in diagnosis of FDC sarcoma.

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Cytomorphology of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a report of 7 cases with an emphasis on the diagnostic challenges
Cody Weimholt, Jalal B. Jalaly, Cedric Bailey
Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology.2023; 12(3): 229. CrossRef
A Cytological Review of Follicular Dendritic Cell-Derived Tumors with Emphasis on Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma and Unicentric Castleman Disease
José A. Jiménez-Heffernan, Cristina Díaz del Arco, Magdalena Adrados
Diagnostics.2022; 12(2): 406. CrossRef
Cytological diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A case report and review of literature
A. Dutta, P. Arun, P. Roy, I. Arun
Cytopathology.2018; 29(5): 461. CrossRef

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach: A Case Report.: Lucia Kim, Hyung Gil Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Sun Hee Kim, Don Haeng Lee, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):178-182.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.178

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Abstract PDF: We report here a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the stomach that was diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNA). A 67 year old male patient underwent regular check-ups for five years due to the presence of a submucosal tumor that was found in the fundus of the stomach incidentally. EUS-FNA was performed to evaluate the tumor, which had increased in size from 1cm to 2.8cm. A cytologic smear revealed cohesive sheets or clusters of spindle cells with elongated nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a strong positive reaction for c-kit and CD34, without any reaction for smooth muscle actin and Ki-67. Therefore, a diagnosis of GIST was made.

Prognostic Significance of Thymosin- 4 in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients.: Lucia Kim, Ye Ji Kim, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Young Chae Chu, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):176-182.

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Abstract PDF: Background
: Thymosin- 4 is an actin-sequestering protein that regulates actin polymerization. It is known to be associated with cell migration, angiogenesis and wound healing, as well as with tumor metastasis.
Methods
: We immunohistochemically evaluated the thymosin- 4 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, the relationship between this protein and the pathologic features and other tumor-related proteins, and its influence on the patient outcome.
Results
: We demonstrated that 40 specimens (26.3%) of 152 gastric adenocarcinomas showed positivity for thymosin- 4. The thymosin- 4 expression was statistically associated with advanced tumor stage (p=0.010), the nodal stage (p=0.029), the TNM stage (p=0.008), and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p=0.009). The thymosin- 4 protein expression was closely related to the positivity for VEGF (p=0.000), c-Myc (p=0.007), and cyclin D1 (p=0.005), but it was not associated with the E-cadherin (p=0.861) or -catenin (p=0.640) expressions. The median survival and disease relapse time of patients showing thymosin-4 immunoreactivity were statistically shorter than those of patients without expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor stage (p=0.003), nodal stage (p=0.005), thymosin- 4 expression (p=0.019) and Lauren's classification (p=0.037) were statistically important prognostic factors for gastric adenocarcinomas.
Conclusions
: The thymosin- 4 expression might be associated with disease progression of gastric adenocarcinomas and it should be regarded as an important prognostic factor for estimating patient survival.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Midkine Expression in Preinvasive and Invasive Squamous Cell Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix.: Suk Jin Choi, Eun Seop Song, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(2):79-86.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Midkine (MK) is a member of the heparin-binding growth factor family. Overexpression of MK is observed not only in cancerous tissue but also in precancerous lesions of the colon and the prostate. Using immunohistochemical methods, we investigated MK expression in preinvasive and invasive neoplasia of the uterine cervix.
METHODS
We performed immunohistochemical analysis of archived cone biopsy and hysterectomy specimens from 161 squamous cell lesions of the uterine cervix (29 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 35 CIN2, 49 CIN3, 30 microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas (MIC), and 18 invasive squamous cell carcinoma). In addition, we examined if there is a correlation between MK expression and status of human papilloma virus infection determined by a commercially available DNA chip.
RESULTS
None of the normal cervical mucosa showed MK immunostaining. The level of MK expression gradually increased according to the histologic grade. Moderate and strong expressions were most frequently observed in cervical tissue with CIN3 and MIC. MK immunostaining was more accentuated in the invasive border of MIC.
CONCLUSION
MK may play a functional role in the disease progression of cervical squamous cell neoplasia.

Cytologic Evaluation of Adenocarcinoma and its Mimics in Sputum and Bronchial Washings.: Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Jung Ae Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(1):36-45.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE: To identify key cytologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and morphologic differentiation from reactive/reparative respiratory epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: The cytomorphologic features of 145 pulmonary cytology specimens (sputum and bronchial washing), which included 117 histologically proven adenocarcinomas and 28 non-neoplastic lesions, cytologically diagnosed as atypia and suspicious for malignancy (adenocarcinoma) were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed 11 morphologic criteria in pulmonary cytologic specimens.
RESULTS
Over 110 of 117 cases of adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cells, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were seen in 102, 99 and 97 cases, respectively. All 28 cases involving non-neoplastic lesions revealed hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes, hyperplastic reactive bronchial epithelium, or degenerating macrophages. The non-neoplastic lesions revealed a small number of atypical cell clusters and paucity or absence of atypical single cells.
CONCLUSION
The most important morphologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cell, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and increased N/C ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were also helpful features, while pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were less valuable.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Parathyroid Neoplasms: A Review of Three Cases.: Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, In Suh Park, Suk Jin Choi, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu; Korean J Cytopathol. 2007;18(1):74-80.

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Abstract PDF: Parathyroid tumors may be difficult to distinguish from thyroid follicular lesions, especially when a tumor is nonfunctioning. We report here two cases of asymptomatic parathyroid carcinoma preoperatively misdiagnosed as thyroid follicular lesions, and one case of parathyroid adenoma showing hyperparathyroidism, and review the cytologic features favoring the diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasm. The cytologic findings that are characterized by clean background, monomorphic small cells, cohesive three-dimensional papillary clusters, small tight clusters with scattered naked nuclei, and well-defined clear cytoplasm favor a diagnosis for the parathyroid lesions. Cytologic findings such as macrofollicular structure, presence of colloid and macrophages, and presence of perivacuolar cytoplasmic granules on May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain support a diagnosis of a thyroid follicular lesion. The cytomorphology of parathyroid tumors is so variable that the distinction from a thyroid lesion cannot be based on the presence or absence of a single feature only but on the cytologic features as a whole.

Cerebellar Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A Case Report.: Seung Baik Han, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, In Suh Park; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):231-234.

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Abstract PDF: Cerebellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare tumor. The most common manifestation of PXA is a seizure, as opposed to the headache and dizziness that were present in our reported case; these atypical symptoms were related to the development of tumor in cerebellum. We describe here a case of PXA in the cerebellum of a 49-year-old female and we discuss the radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings of PXA that occurred in the cerebellum.

Composite Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Report.: Young Chae Chu, Suk Jin Choi, In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):142-147.

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Abstract PDF: Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a recently described vascular tumor of low-grade malignancy. We report a case of CHE in an 18-year-old woman who presented with a 2-month history of an enlarging palpable mass in the left axilla. Grossly, the excised tumor was relatively circumscribed, nodular, firm, and soft. It measured 6.0 x 4.5 x 4.0 cm. The cut surface revealed a whitish gray solid area and a dark red to tan cystic area containing necrotic material. Histologically, the tumor demonstrated variably intermixed benign and malignant vascular components. The benign components showed features of an arteriovenous malformation, capillary hemangioma, spindle cell hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma. The malignant components were composed of areas resembling retiform hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma. The angiosarcoma component showed a mixed epithelioid and spindle shaped cell morphology with moderate differentiation. A nearly imperceptible transition between the benign and malignant components was noted.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Stomach: A Case Report.: Joon Mee Kim, In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee young Han, Young Chae Chu, Kyoung Rae Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(2):148-150.

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Abstract PDF: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the stomach is a rare tumor-like, benign disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. A 15-year-old male presented with epigastric pain. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a 2.3 cm sized ovoid intramuscular mass in the lower body of the stomach at the lesser curvature. Histologically, the tumor was composed of smooth muscle actin positive- and vimentin positive spindle cells and there were a large number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes in the fibrotic background. The spindle cells were also positive for ALK1, but negative for EBV in situ hybridization.

Gangliocytic Paraganglioma.: Joon Mee Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Young Chae Chu, Hyung Gil Kim, Sun Geun Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):428-432.

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Abstract PDF: Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare benign tumor that is usually seen in the duodenum. It shows unique histologic features that are composed of a carcinoid or paraganglioma-like appearance, ganglion cells, and Schwann cells. The common presenting symptoms are abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction. The lesion can sometimes be asymptomatic and they are discovered incidentally. We experienced a case of incidentally found GP in a 73 year-old-man who had a colon cancer with liver metastasis. During the preoperative workup, a submucosal tumor was found in the duodenal papilla. The frozen diagnosis of the duodenal mass was GP, which was confirmed by the permanent sections and immunohistochemical staining. Pathologists should be alert to recognize and diagnose this rare, but benign disease, especially in the patient suffering with gastrointestinal cancer.

Touch Imprint Cytology of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.: Suk Jin Choi, Lucia Kim, In Suh Park, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Che Chu; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(2):93-97.

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PDF

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Findings of Fibromatosis Colli: A Report of Three Cases.: In Suh Park, Lucia Kim, Suk Jin Choi, Jee Young Han, Joon Mee Kim, Young Chae Chu, Sun Geun Choi; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(1):61-65.

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Abstract PDF: Fibromatosis colli is a benign fibrous tissue proliferation of sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is usually observed during the first month of life, often associated with congenital torticollis. It should be differentiated from other neck masses in infants because the usual initial treatment of fibromatosis colli is conservative management and invasive therapy should be avoided. Fine needle aspiration cytology provides an excellent minimally invasive diagnostic way for evaluation of infantile neck masses. We describe three cases of fibromatosis colli diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. All of them were younger than one month and presented as a neck mass. Clinical impressions were malignant tumors in two cases and fibromatosis colli in one case. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed benign and mature fibroblasts and atrophic striated muscle fibers. The cytologic diagnosis was fibromatosis colli or benign fibous lesion.

Clinicopathologic Features of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma.: Chang Ohk Sung, Suk Jin Choi, Cheol Keun Park; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(3):138-144.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an early stage HCC, and it is sometimes difficult to identify the margins of the cancer nodules in the resected specimens.
METHODS
We studied 22 cases of early HCC to investigate the clinicopathologic features of early stage HCC.
RESULTS
Seven of 22 cases were single HCC, and 15 were multicentric HCC. The average tumor size was 1.34 cm (0.4-2.7 cm). Early HCCs didn't destroy the basic architecture of the liver lobules or pseudolobules and the lesions had an indistinct margin. Most tumors were uniformly composed of well-differentiated cancer tissue that was characterized by an increased cell density and an irregular thin-trabecular pattern. The tumor retained a varying number of portal tracts. There was a replacing growth pattern at the tumor-nontumor boundary without tumor capsule. Three of 22 cases had a "nodule-in-nodule" lesion, and the inner nodules consisted of moderately differentiated HCC without portal tracts. All 22 cases showed no vascular invasion. All 7 patients with single early HCC have survived for the past 11-54 months without any local recurrence. But in one patient with single early HCC, multicentric HCC developed 20 months after surgery.
CONCLUSION
The clinicopathologic features of early HCCs are quite different from those of advanced HCCs. The increased recognition of early HCC during routine clinical practice will contribute to improved patient survival.

Silica Granuloma after Intermittent Intramuscular Injections: A Case Report.: Suk Jin Choi, Jong Im Lee, Jung Ran Kim, Tae Jung Jang, Ki Kwon Kim, Phil Hyun Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(5):369-372.

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Abstract PDF: Most silica-contaminated wounds of the skin heal without complications. Cutaneous silica granuloma is a poorly understood, uncommon condition resembling a sarcoidosis. We report a case of silica granuloma after intermittent intramuscular injections. A 70-year-old man presented a painless mass in his right buttock for 2 weeks. He had received intermittent intramuscular injections of antihistamine drugs due to chronic dermatitis for 30 years. The histolopathological findings showed numerous hyalinized collagenous nodules with concentric layers, and an ill-defined chronic granulomatous inflammation containing foreign material. A polarized light microscopic examination revealed birefrigent particles. The presence of silica components was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

The Pattern of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Embryonic and Fetal Brain.: Suk Jin Choi, Jung Ran Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(1):38-44.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cell proliferation and apoptosis account for the major morphogenetic mechanisms during development of the central nervous system. We investigated these processes in developing human brains.
METHODS
We examined human embryonic and fetal brains. Cell proliferation was analysed by classical histology and MIB-1 immunohistochemistry; cell death was investigated by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling method.
RESULTS
Most proliferating cells were observed in the ventricular zone (VZ) in the 3rd-10th week of gestational age (GA), and in both the VZ and the subventricular zone (SV) in the 19-24th week of GA. The proliferation index of the VZ was highest in the 8th week of GA and then decreased as the GA advanced. Apoptotic cells were observed in the VZ as early as the 5th week of GA. They were also observed in the intermediate zone in the 19-24th week of GA, although they were significantly lower in amount compared to that in the VZ and SV.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that apoptosis occurring early in the embryonic period is related to a cellular mechanism which selects and determines the cells that are committed to migration and differentiation during the development of the human brain.

Topographic Difference of Inflammatory Reactions in Gastric Mucosa in Various Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases.: Suk Jin Choi, Tae Jung Jang; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(1):29-33.

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Abstract PDF: Gastric biopsy specimens from 140 patients (66 chronic gastritis, 33 gastric ulcers, 26 duodenal ulcers, 15 gastric cancers) were examined to investigate the topographic difference of inflammation, glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization by the updated Sydney system. Density of H. pylori of the antrum was significantly higher in duodenal ulcers than in chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancers. Inflammation of duodenal ulcers was predominantly antral and glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of duodenal ulcer were significantly less than those of gastric ulcers and gastric cancers. Chronic inflammation of gastric ulcers and gastric cancers was higher in antrum than in corpus. Increasing atrophy of the antrum was associated with decreasing density of H. pylori of antrum itself, but increasing colonization of the corpus. This study reveals the inflammatory reactions of gastric mucosa differ in chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric cancers, and duodenal ulcers and suggests that antral atrophy fosters the colonization of oxyntic mucosa by H. pylori.

Imprint Cytologic Features of Fibroadenoma of the Breast with Extensive Infarction: A Case Report .: Suk Jin Choi, Jong Im Lee, Jung Ran Kim, Tae Jung Jang, Ki Kwon Kim, Dong Hoon Kim, Byoung Ook Jeoung; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(2):169-174.

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Abstract PDF: Spontaneous Infarction of fibroadenoma of the breast is very uncommon and may lead to difficulties in clinical and pathological diagnosis. Most reported cases occured in young women during pregnancy or lactation. This report describes imprint cytologic features of an infarcted fibroadenoma in a 19-year-old young woman without evidence of pregnancy. The smears revealed many individually scattered degenerated or necrotic epithelial or spindle stromal cells and naked nuclei on dirty necrotic background. A few sheets of cohesive uniform epithelial cells and a few fragments of stromal cells were also present. Most of the epithelial cells had pyknotic and hyperchromatic nuclei, however, cellular atypism such as pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli or mitosis were not present. Though the necrotic ductular and glandular outline of this case may bear a superficial resemblance to adenocarcinoma, obvious cytologic atypia or mitosis, even in the necrotic areas, were not present.

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